Learning Chinese-Personal Narrative Essay - 1933 Words

Learning Chinese-Personal Narrative In 1995, I decided to volunteer as a missionary for my church. On the application form, there was no space for suggestions as to where in the world I would like to serve as a missionary. Church leaders assign missionaries to the place they feel we should go. I was surprised with the assignment to serve in Taiwan, speaking Mandarin Chinese. I had no previous experience with Chinese people or their language, so I felt fortunate that the church provides 2 months of intensive language training before the missionary even gets on the plane. During my 2 months in the language-training center, I found out just how different Mandarin Chinese is from my native language. The time went by quickly, and†¦show more content†¦I found, upon returning home a year ago, that I still hadnt picked up many of these items. While my speaking ability had reached a point that native Chinese people clearly understood my pronunciation and tones, my mastery of those items that had not been clearly taught to me sometimes caused major communication breakdowns. Frustrated, I decided to isolate these parts of speech that were giving me so much trouble, look them up in reference grammars, and figure out once and for all how to use them like a native Chinese person. It was this search that raised the questions that I will attempt to answer in this paper. The part of Chinese I chose to examine for this paper is the perfective aspect (PRV) -le particle. I will analyze and compare how various grammars, textbooks, and studies describe and explain this particle. Because most of the descriptions and explanations of this particle seem to be based mainly on the theories and ideas of the authors of these analyses, it seemed that a survey of native Chinese speakers would provide a good standard by which to judge these theories. Li and Thompsons book, MANDARIN CHINESE A Functional Reference Grammar (1981) is widely used to teach learners of Chinese how to use the PRV -le particle. That is why, for this paper, I chose to put Li and Thompson up against the standard a surveyShow MoreRelatedReview of Peter Hesslers Oracle Bones1541 Words   |  6 Pagesincorporating personal and social commentary. Hessler (2006) also weaves personal stories of individual Chinese people into Oracle Bones, to provide both a broad and an intimate narrative. The t hree core personal narratives are vastly different, to capture the diversity of Chinese culture and society. One of the people that Hesler (2006) follows is a Uighur (Muslim from Eastern China), who successfully endeavors to leave China for the United States. Named Polat, the Uighurs perspective on Chinese societyRead MoreBattle Hymn Of The Tiger Mother By Amy Chua1069 Words   |  5 Pageschildren raised by Chinese mothers. Amy Chua’s opinion piece gives compelling, though fairly biased and subjective, insight into the parenting styles of Chinese mothers. Before delving into possible answers, Chua explains that she uses the terms â€Å"Chinese mother† and â€Å"Western parents† loosely to distinguish the cultural values and parenting styles. Chua then gets to her explanation as to why Chinese mothers raise such stereotypically successful children. Chua notes that â€Å"Chinese parents understandRead MoreReflection On Personal Narrative1083 Words   |  5 PagesEDUC 364 Jingpei Wang Reflecting on Personal Narrative Culture shapes our identity and influences our behaviors. 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With increasing disposable money, overall increased spare time compared with Maoist era, health conscious as well as the negative consequences caused by modernization in terms of high pressure of working condition with high trade-off leisure time, psychic tensions caused by overwhelming highly increase of commodity price against the comparatively slow growth of personal inco me, and deteriorating urban environmentRead MoreReflection on Readings Using Comparison and Contrast Maxine Hong Kingston (Tongue Tied); Richard Rodriguez (Aria); Gloria Anzaldua (How to Tame a Wild Tongue)1358 Words   |  6 Pagesof linguistic minority students around the world and how they struggle to cope in school and at home. Audience: Class HUM-111 and Dr. Connelly Purpose: To highlight the difficulties students have at school and at home when it comes down to learning a language which they aren’t acquainted to and the consequences of such, depending on their social background. 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Although she begins the essay saying, I am not a scholar of English or literature. I cannot give you much more than personal opinions on the English language and its variations

Career Paper Free Essays

Deciding on a certain career has been difficult and very challenging. Going through elementary school and middle school and deciding what career path way I should take, the first two that caught my attention were anesthesiologist and general surgeon. As a child, I never thought that I would want to go to these fields. We will write a custom essay sample on Career Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a student, I sometimes have my ups and downs in school but that doesn’t stop me from doing what I love. In my opinion school is like the next level of a game and I must do my best to beat that level. Sometimes it’s tough but I’ll manage somehow. Preparing to become an anesthesiologist begins in high school. Since university or college focuses on classes in premed, some recommends getting a head start taking science classes in high school. Biology and chemistry classes will provide you with the knowledge required to be successful. I still don’t know which of the two careers I should decide on. Luckily, the two careers matched closely to my personality type. What do surgeons do? General Surgeons are doctors who are specialized in performing surgery on abdominal areas such as the esophagi, stomach, small bowel, colon, liver, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts, but sometime often the thyroid gland. They also focus on disease involving the breast, skin, or any soft tissue. Depending on the type of surgeon, they perform different surgeries. For example a cardiovascular surgeon might do open heart surgery, while a breast surgeon might do breast surgery to save someone from having breast cancer. Surgeons are part of a team. They rely on an anesthesiologist to keep the patient asleep and comfortable, nurses and assistants are responsible for passing the surgeon any tools that are needed to do the surgery, and keeping track of the patient’s vital signs and many other things. Sometimes in difficult procedures surgeons often work together as a am to do more work in less time, and in teaching hospitals interns and residents are with more experienced surgeons to observe and learn. Many surgeons work for very long hours, some are scheduled to work for certain amount of hours depending on the hospital. Even doctors who work in private practice spends long hours in the operating room, and are expected to work with other health care professionals to make sure that everything is going smoothly. A lot of surgeons, most of the time are responsible for managing a lot of paperwork such as possessing a patient’s files to reviewing records and so much more. There are many types of surgeon and focusing in different areas of the body. Unlike other doctors, surgeons must first complete four years of study at any college, depending which one has the specific field. Surgeons must complete an additional four year and get their MD or Doctor of Medicine degree from an approved medical school. Most applicants take a large amount of courses in subjects like chemistry, and physics. Also, they must pass the Medical College Admission Test (MICA). Once they have gotten their MD, graduates have to go through a minimum of five years of surgery residency. During this course, dents are trained in general surgical procedures. Why is an anesthesiologist important during any surgery? Anesthesiologists are medical doctors specializing in preoperative care. They help to ensure the patients are safe while going through surgery and are involve in putting the patient to sleep so they won’t feel pain or sensation. Without anesthesiologists, surgery would not be possible in a lot of operations. They are responsible for the patient before, during and after the surgery. In terms of education, one must complete at least 3 years of a bachelor’s degree, many applicants have 4 years which also include ultimate science courses. Anesthesiologist must have a high score on the Medical College Admission Test (MICA), also a letter of recommendation from their teachers and advisors. Many medical schools also consider things like leadership qualities, and extracurricular activities when making admissions decisions. After graduation, anesthesiologists enter into a residency program. Usually the first year is spent in an internship, practicing general medicine and learning from other anesthesiologist. During the next couple years, they learn the techniques and skills of anesthesiology with the help and supervision of another. At the end of the residency, they will need to take the United States Medical Licensing Examination to obtain licenser to practice medicine in the United States, and then they can work as an anesthesiologist. What exactly does an anesthesiologist do? Their Job is to keep you safe and comfortable during surgery and recovery. They monitor your heart rhythm, blood pressure and the amount of oxygen in your blood. Also, they monitor your temperature and your level of consciousness. When patients are sleeping, they monitor the patient’s breath by measuring the volume of breath exhaled and the mount of carbon dioxide in their breathing. Sometimes, they may monitor how much blood the patient is pumping and the pressure in the lung. The anesthesiologist must keep the patient asleep during a surgery by giving them anesthetic drugs and some drugs are giving to them at all times. Some drugs are mixed in with others and sometimes with the oxygen the patient is breathing. If the patient comes across problem during surgery such as low blood pressure, asthma, blood loss, heart arrhythmia and many others, the anesthesiologist must find a way to correct the problem. The care nurse and the anesthesiologist work together to cake sure the patient is safe and comfortable. How much does an anesthesiologist and surgeon make? The annual salary for an Anesthesiologist is about $166,400 while the median is about $355,100 in the United States. The anesthesiologist is one of the highest paying Jobs in the medical field. According to US Bureau of Labor statistics, the top paid anesthesiologist employed in public sectors is about $197,000 per year while self employed received about $316,500 yearly. They make more than $80. 00 per for the median. The lowest 10 percent receive up to $55. 52 per hour. Depending on the state or location that you vive in, some places have a higher income than others. On the other hand, surgeons make a little bit more. The median salary for a typical surgeon in the United States is about $343,000. Depends on the particular procedure, they range at around $250 per hour. Different surgeon makes more money than others, for example a pediatric surgeon make about $166,000 a year, while a barbaric surgeon make $433,000 a year. The salary is different in most cases. Choosing a career can be difficult but as time goes by you will soon know what interests you. As we Journey through life, we will have to decide on what we want to o or become. Everything and anything is possible if you take your time and give it your best. You really won’t know the possibility that you have to get into Med School until you have taken the science courses that college offer. Medical Schools don’t really care what kind of grades or experience you have in High School. That doesn’t mean you should stop and give up, start by participating in some sort of extracurricular activity, and possibly doing some volunteer work. Volunteering at a hospital is going to look better and increase your chances of getting into that particular school. An anesthesiologist and a surgeon are two different things yet they depend on one another for a surgery to be possible. Sometimes it is difficult and hard to decide what you want to do in life. As a freshman, I still haven’t decide what to do with my life but for now I will continue with school and hopefully one day I will know what I should do. With the overwhelming responsibilities of anesthesiologists and surgeons, some people decide to become something else that they love. Doesn’t matter what you become as long as you love what you do then it shouldn’t matter to how much you make a year. How to cite Career Paper, Papers

Utility of Bridgman and Davis Policy Cycle Model

Question: Discuss about the Utility of Bridgman and Davis Policy Cycle Model. Answer: Introduction: A policy cycle is a guide for the policy development and it brings a rhythm, along with a system, to a world, which otherwise appears to be un-orderly and chaotic. Initially, the public policy cycle was proposed in the seminal works of Lasswell in 1951, which was then adopted by others, for instance, Brewer 1974 and deLeon in 1999. The public policy cycle which has been formulated by Peter Bridgman and Glyn Davis, is of great importance to the Australian public policy and is often used as a tool for the policy makers in the nation (Freeman, 2013). In the following parts, a discussion has been carried on over the utility of policy given by these two as a tool for policy makers in the Australian context. Bridgman and Davis released The Australian Policy Handbook in 1998, which has been changed over the years. This book acts as a guide for the assistance of the public servants, in understanding and developing such a public policy which is reasonable. This model showcases a number of cyclic logical steps, which are helpful for developing, as well as, iteratively improving the public policy. Since its development, the model has been the centre of analysis, criticism, debate and scrutiny, but it still serves as a useful tool in the public servants kit (Pipika, 2014). The model has 8 steps provided in a circle, the aim of which is to promote an iterative, ongoing and cyclic move towards the development and improvement of the policy over a period of time, along with the benefits of cumulative experience, as well as, inputs (Conville, 2013). The first step of the policy clue is the identification of a new issue, by use of certain mechanism. The policy analysis is the nest step under which the research and analysis of the policy problem is carried on, so as to gather enough data, in order to make decisions regarding the policy (Freeman, 2013). In the policy instrument development step, the appropriate instruments of government are identified, which can be used for the policy implementation (Carson and Kerr, 2013). The fourth step is consultation, under which the external and independent information, as well as, expertise is garnered, so as to notify about the policy development. This is followed by coordination, where the prepared policy position is coordinated by use of mechanisms of the government. Under the next step, the decisions are made by the appropriate body or person; for instance, the Cabinet or the Minister. Once such policy is approved, it is implemented. The last step is the evaluation of the crucial processes in order to calculate, supervise and assess the implementation of the policy (Scott, 2010). The initial outlook over the stages of this model implies that the complete policy process is managed and coordinated centrally, by the makers of the policy, but it is seldom the truth. In reality, hardly any indication is made regarding who are the involved individuals, or where the policies are originated, the pressures and the external factors, and how the policies are transformed from a mere concept to being actually enacted (Pipika, 2012). Merely just to develop any position, resources have to be allocated, because of which the development of policy is prioritized over some other policys development, which competes for the resources. And the approach given by Bridgman and Davis is not very helpful to the policy entrepreneurs and practitioners in the understanding of the wider picture, which is crucial in the development, as well as, successful implementation of any policy. This model is relevant to the public policy of Australia, in two major manners. Firstly, this model provides a very useful reference model for the identification of a number of probable parts for the development of policy. And secondly, it is very instructive for the policy entrepreneurs in gaining an understanding to the expectation, as well as, the approach which is taken by the public service peers, as this policy cycle model is being taught since a long time, to the public servants (Pipika, 2012). A basic framework is presented by the model in the first instance, which is used by the policy makers for thinking and planning regarding the policy development. Some of the stages of this model can be compressed or skipped or a different approach can be taken, but in totality, this model presents a starting point, in such situations where nothing is present, to be formally imposed (Maddison and Denniss, 2013). As per the interviews conducted in Australia by with senior public servants Dr. Cosmo Howard, the model failed to match the experiences of the policy makers. This model did identify some aspects of the model, which played some part, to some extent, in the work of policy development, but was too structured, liner and not very reflective of the different approaches based on diverse policies (Howard, 2005). In this manner, the model failed to prepare the policy makers for the pressures to respond to the realities of the policy making in any pragmatic manner in the public service. This model never showcased that following it would result in better outcomes or that the prescriptions have been derived from practice (Colebatch, 2005). The policy cycle model of Bridgman and Davis also fails to capture the influence of the political players and agendas in the policy development, which is a common phenomenon in policy development. The policy cycle model also falls short in capturing the changing role of public in the twenty first century. Nor does it articulate the need for the public buy-in, as well as, the communication of policy across the cycle, in a clear manner. The key examples of this are the insulation scheme and the Building the Education revolution policy. The goals of the policy were met largely in the policy implementation in both cases, and even the independent analysis showed that the policies were a success through qualitative and quantitative assessment. Though, both of them were announced thoroughly before being implemented, and yet, there was negligible public narrative by the government, which left the media to report the issues, along with the opposition, who are always motivated to undermine the policies (Pipika, 2012). Even though there have been issues with this model in practice, as a result of the factors which are involved in it, along with the complex landscape of influences, but by constantly referencing throughout their book to the significance or good processes, which help in the creation of better policies, the model has encouraged a formally structured, check-box style and iterative approach towards the development of policies (Althaus, Bridgman, and Davis, 2012). To conclude, even though the model is inaccurate, it provides a reasonably descriptive, as well as, prescriptive normative approach towards the policy development. References Althaus, C., Bridgman, P., and Davis, G. (2012) The Australian Policy Handbook. 5th ed. Sydney: Allen Unwin. Bridgman, P., and Davis, G. (2016) What Use is a Policy Cycle? Plenty, if the Aim is Clear. [Online] eGovernment Tasmania. Available from: https://www.egovernment.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/121130/11_What_use_is_the_policy_life_cycle.PDF [Accessed on 01/12/17] Carson, E., and Kerr, L. (2009) Australian Social Policy and the Human Services. Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press, pp. 85-90. Colebatch, H.K. (2005) Policy analysis, policy practice and political science. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 64(3), pp. 14-23. Conville, S.M. (2013) How useful is the policy cycle model presented by Althaus, Bridgman and Davis?. [Online] Academia. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/2919638/How_useful_is_the_policy_cycle_model_presented_by_Althaus_Bridgman_and_Davis [Accessed on 01/12/17] Freeman, B. (2013) Revisiting the Policy Cycle. [Online] Federation University. Available from: https://federation.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/119043/Revisiting_Policy_Cycle_2013_BFreeman.pdf [Accessed on 01/12/17] Howard, C. (2005) The Policy Cycle: a Model of Post-Machiavellian Policy Making?. The Australian Journal of Public Administration, 64(3), pp. 3-13. Maddison, S., and Denniss, R. (2013) An Introduction to Australian Public Policy: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pipika. (2012) Improving the Public Policy Cycle Model. [Online] Available from: https://pipka.org/2014/07/08/essays-improving-the-public-policy-cycle-model/ [Accessed on 01/12/17] Scott, C.D. (2010) Adding Value to Policy Analysis and Advice. Sydney, NSW: UNSW Press book.